Radiation Phenomena in Planetary Entries

Experimental Simulation of High Enthalpy Planetary Entries

For the current exploration programs high enthalpy landing missions are foreseen. It is rather difficult to simulate the corresponding enthalpies with steady state facilities. For the case of sample return missions such as Genesis, STARDUST or Hayabusa hyperbolic entries require maximum enthalpies of about 80 MJ/kg. Atmospheric entry parameters of relevance were derived with the model of Allan ...

Infrared radiation and planetary temperature

ergy from the Sun. Distributed uniformly over the mass of the planet, the absorbed energy would raise Earth’s temperature to nearly 800 000 K after a billion years, if Earth had no way of getting rid of it. For a planet sitting in the nearvacuum of outer space, the only way to lose energy at a significant rate is through emission of electromagnetic radiation, which occurs primarily in the subra...

Non-linear phenomena in biological findings of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar

Some Areas of Ramsar, a city in northern Iran are among the world’s wellknown inhabited areas with highest levels of natural radiation. Annual exposure levels in these areas are up to 260 mGy y‐1 and the mean exposure rate is about 10 mGy y‐1 for a population of about 2000 residents. If elevated levels of natural radiation as high as a few hundred mSv per year is detrimental to health and...

15 Ultraviolet Radiation in Planetary Atmospheres and Biological Implications

Unifying The Tunneling And Anomaly Phenomena In Hawking Radiation

In this Letter we have derived the gravitational anomaly leading to the Hawking radiation from a fundamentally different perspective: it emerges due to the complimentary roles played by tunneling and (gravitational) anomaly. We have used the analogy of an early idea [6] of visualizing chiral gauge anomaly as an effect of spectral flow of the energy levels, from the negative energy Dirac sea, ac...